African Americans And The New State Constitution - 1836 Words

In Birmingham, Alabama between 1957 and 1962 seventeen black churches and homes had been bombed, racial tension continued to grow, and more and more African Americans were being killed. Although the population of Birmingham was 40% African American, there seemed little hope for a political solution to the racial divide; of 80,000 registered voters, only 10,000 were black due to a barrier that was placed on the new state constitution of Alabama. One of these barriers was an annual poll tax that had to pay for two years before the new election season. African Americans in Mississippi could barely afford the necessities in order to live such as food, clothes, and a roof over their head. African Americans were the poorest part of Mississippi’s population. The other barrier that was placed in the new state constitution was a literacy test. It required a person seeking to register to vote to read a section of the state constitution and explain it to the county clerk, a white man, w ho processed voter registrations. This new law was setup for African Americans to fail. Along with many other civil rights leaders and members of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Dr. Martin Luther King traveled to Birmingham, Alabama to lead and participate in several boycotts, marches, and picketing leading up to Dr. Martin Luther King’s arrest. While being incarcerated, Dr. King wrote an open letter more known as The â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†. In this letter, King highlights manyShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution And The American Constitution1141 Words   |  5 Pagestheir mistakes and promptly followed up by making quite possibly the most successful constitution ever in 1776. To ensure that American citizens would enjoy their new freedom, our founders kept in mind what John Locke had said in his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding â€Å"life, liberty, and property,† by coining â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† into the final draft of the constitution. The constitution is important because it â€Å"exists to protect the rights of all citizens, and has noRead MoreThe Reconstruction After The Civil War977 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcome of America’s future. As history takes its course, most of the most have the same ending of coming to an end to start something new. One such movement was the Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time period between 1865 and 1877 following the Civil War, during which people of the United States worked to put the country back together again, introducing a new set of significant challenges. Though, like all things in life, it did come to an end, the resulting outcome had been labeled both a successRead MoreThe Principles Of Slavery And Discrimination1517 Words   |  7 Pagesof slavery and discrimination actually a part of our nations birth and protected by the Constitution? Well, we live in a time where the topic of racial discrimination and things such as white privilege are a mainstay on the covers of many well-read newspapers all over the United States. Many people are torn on these issues and everyone is talking about it, and rightly so. Everyone knows that the United States was founded on the ideas of justice, fairness, and freedom – or was it? Of course ourRead MoreThe Reasons For The American Revolution992 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the outcomes of the American Revolution only affected rich, white landowners at the time, it unknowingly provided the stepping stones that will later create equality and liberty for all people in the United States. This historic revolution provided a representative democracy in which future generations may pass or amend laws based on the people’s needs; a radical thought at the time. Other countries since then, such as France and Haiti, have followed the footsteps provided by America inRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era Was A Success1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reconstruction Era was a Success Shortly after the Civil War ended in 1867, President Abraham Lincoln’s new objective was to unify the union and the confederate states into what was formerly known as the United States of America. This time period is known as the Reconstruction Era, starting with the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House in 1865 and ending with the implementation of the Compromise of 1877. The Reconstruction Era was a time period full of political, economicRead MoreThe Civil War : America s Second Revolution1658 Words   |  7 Pagesmarked the beginning of the Civil War, often dubbed as America’s â€Å"Second Revolution.† This war ushered in a new political landscape in which the federal government reclaimed political power over the states allowing it to commence a revitalization of the Constitution. This revitalization, which fell under the Era of Reconstruction, granted a large- scale social development for African Americans initiating this social revolution . Such a dramatic advancement for the â€Å"inferior race† sparked oppositionRead MoreFreedom, Liberty, And Democracy1025 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Essay Since the founding of America, ideas of freedom, liberty, and democracy have been the priorities of Americans. Many people have sought religious freedom in the colonies which led to the founding of other colonies which turned into states. The new world was supposed to be a land of freedom, but many African Americans faced hard lives here. The revolutionary war helped bring an end to slavery and it caused the many whites to challenge black slavery because of revolutionary principles ofRead MoreSouthern Voting Barriers Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed saying that every man would have the right to vote regardless of their race. It was meant to give the right to vote to the African American citizens. Even after this was passed however, states in the South were still able to find ways to keep African Americans from voting. It was easy to still deny their right to vote because the amendment only says that laws cannot be m ade making race a requirement for voting. The most effectiveRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Thurgood Marshall Law1501 Words   |  7 PagesMarshall blazed the trail for the Civil Rights Movement from two sides of the American Legal System, both as a lawyer, and as a Justice of the Supreme Court. Marshall’s initial rise to fame came as a result of his success as the head lawyer for the Brown family in Brown vs. The Board of Education. Later, Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court, making him the first ever African American Supreme Court Justice in American history. Overall, Marshall’s impact as a lawyer, a judge, and an activist,Read MoreThe Between Federalists And Anti Federalists, Separation Of Powers And The Federal Government1508 Words   |  7 Pagesthat all Americans should recognize being in the United States Constitution; As supreme as it may portray out to be yet it comes with many imperfections that unsettles the states and greatly affected African Americans, leading future decisions to more disagreements throughout the course of history. The United States were beginning to form itself up since the Constitution was created, it granted the people the power to rule themselves without the federal government getting too involved in State affairs;

Write a One-Paragraph Summary free essay sample

Proposition 203 In its findings and declarations PROP 203 states that the government and public schools of Arizona are obligated to provide Arizona’s children, regardless of their background, proper skills to be successful. The English language is amongst the most important of these skills. It was discovered that the public schools of Arizona were not doing an adequate job at educating these children but were wasting money on unsuccessful, experimental language programs. In conclusion, public schools in Arizona are required to teach English to these children as rapidly and effectively as possible. All the children in Arizona shall receive nearly all classroom instruction in English. Their materials and books shall be in English and all subject matter shall be taught in English. For English Language Learners (ELL) the curriculum and the way it is presented shall be differentiated in a way for students who are learning the English language. They may be educated separate from the mainstream classroom for a period of the day but the pull-outs should not exceed a year. We will write a custom essay sample on Write a One-Paragraph Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Once they have learned proper English and are able to complete their school work in English, then they will be placed into mainstream English classrooms. To monitor the children’s educational progress of subject matter and the learning of the English language, a standardized, nationally-normed written test shall be administered in English. The only children exempt from this test are those students who have been classified as severely learning disabled. These issues will affect my classroom weather I want them to or not. I have to assure that no matter what the child’s ethnical background, or their native language, they are receiving the appropriate education. Under the state-imposed standards, these students are not being treated equal simply by being provided with the same facilities, textbooks, teachers, and curriculum. Students who do not understand English are then being denied of any meaningful education as they do not have access to what is being presented. Due to Chinese-speaking minorities receiving fewer benefits than English-speaking majorities, clarifying guidelines were issued. The district must take the necessary steps to fix the language deficiency in order to include the students who do not speak English. Also, if students are ability grouped, the program must be designed to meet language skills as soon as possible and must not be a permanent track. Although Lau v. Nichols was essentially the same issue as the other lawsuits, I believe I would have a more difficult time teaching students of an ethnical background other than Hispanic. Even these students though should always be provided with what they need. Their education as young children will be the building blocks of a lifetime therefore they must always be provided with a meaningful education. I may not be able to provide them with instructions in Chinese but I will always assure to refer them to an ELL specialist so that they can be provided with the tools they need. Proposition 203, The Flores Consent Decree, and Lau v. Nichols all end up tying back to the same issue. That is minorities who do not speak English and the education system. Many school districts do not take the appropriate measures to provide meaningful education that is the building blocks of a child’s life time.

First Year Enlish Guess Paper Essay Example

First Year Enlish Guess Paper Essay English – Science Group SECTION â€Å"A† (MCQs – Multiple Choice Questions) Note: Attempt all questions from this Section. Q. 1. Choose the correct answer for each from the given options. (20) i. The Birkenhead Collided with the hidden rock on ________ 12th March 1851 15th August 1851 25th February 1851 15th February 1851 ii. The name of the police sergeant in â€Å"The Hostile Witness† was ________. Mr. Manning Mr. King Mr. Johnson Mr. Abbot iii. Little son of Coventry Patmore disobeyed his law for ________. The first time The third time The fifth time The seventh time iv. When Stephen Leacock left the bank, there was ________. A loud explosion Hostle and bustle A roar of laughter A great confusion v. The most important objective of scientists is to find the ________. Progress Truth Work Creation vi. He would have accepted to office if he ________. Would have been in Pakistan Will have been in Pakistan Had been in Pakistan would be in Pakistan vii. Will you listen to my story said the beggar to the passer by can be punctuated as ________. â€Å"Will you list to my Story† Said the beggar to the passer by? â€Å"Will you listen to my Story† Said the beggar to the passer by. Will you listen to my Story? â€Å"Said the beggar to the passer by. Will you listen to my Story† The beggar said to the passer by. viii. A boy is throwing stones ________. In the pond Into the pond At the pond On the pond ix. The Court’s Revenge is written by ________. St. John, G. Ervine J. H. Walsh Anthony Hope John Galsworthy x. The Secretary General of U. N. O is appointed for a period of ________. Five yea rs Seven years Eight years Ten years xi. The poem â€Å"The Law of the Last Minsterl† is written by ________. Sir Henry Wolton William words worth Sir Walter Scott William Shakespeare xii. The man who surrendered the fortress of Yaria to Turks was ________. The Count of Monte Cristo We will write a custom essay sample on First Year Enlish Guess Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on First Year Enlish Guess Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on First Year Enlish Guess Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Albert The Count of Morcert Beauchamp xiii. The Count of Morcerf was originally a ________. Tailor Sailor Jailor Fisher man xiv. The house of Monte Cristo is in the ________. Champs Etysses Bois de Vincennes A remote village Rue due Helder xv. The last viceroy of India was ________. Wavell Wellington Mountbatten M. A. Jinnah xvi. A good friend of Albert was ________. Bertuccio Morrel Beauchamp Gage xvii. The author of the lesson Pakistan Zindabad is ________. Stephen Leacock John Walton King John John Eastwood xviii. Amalie was the other name of ________. The baroness The Baron Conrad Fraulin Schmidt xix. William’s Shakespeare poem â€Å"Under the Greenwood Tree† is ________. a play a song a sonnet a ballad xx. The Chief Officer of the United Nations Organization is ________. The General Secretary The Secretary General The Director General The Chief Executive Officer SECTION â€Å"B† – (Short-Answer Questions) NOTE: Answer any TEN questions from this Section. All questions carry equal marks. (50) Q. 2. (i) In what way must new generation be educated? OR What does the writer mean by â€Å"Scientific† and â€Å"Unscientific† in the lesson â€Å"Science and Scientists†? OR What are the three remarkable features of the astonishing progress of science? i. What is the message Conveyed in the poem â€Å"The Lay of the Last Minstrel†? OR Describe the beauty of Sweet Auburn in five lines as given in the poem â€Å"The Deserted Village†. iii. What were the changes levelled against the abbot of Canterbury of King John? OR Describe th e intelligent answers given by the poor shepherd to King John in the poem â€Å"The Abbot of Canterbury†? iv. How successful has the United Nations been, so far, in preventing local wars? OR When and why was the UNO formed? OR What was the manager’s reaction when the author told him that he would like to see him alone? OR According to the author, what is the effect on him on entering a bank to do business? OR Why was there a roar of laughter when the author left the bank? OR What was the experience of Stephen Leacock while he was opening his bank account? v. Why was the Count of Monte Cristo awarded life-imprisonment in an underground dungeon? OR Who brought the disgrace to Morcerf’s family and why? OR How did Albert want to avenge the honour of his family. OR What was the past story of Count of Monte Cristo? OR Why did the Countess of Morcerf go to meet the Count of Monte Cristo? What the outcome of her visit there? OR Why did Albert decide not to flight a duel with the Count of Monte Cristo? vi. When and where was the Pakistan Resolution passed? OR Why does the writer apply the word â€Å"terrible† to the first year of Pakistan’s history as an independent state? vii. How did the Birkenhead come to be wrecked? Was any member of her crew to blame? OR What happened to the troopship Birkenhead on 25th February 1851? OR How were the people on the Birkenhead sawed? viii. How does Professor. Henry Corrie Condemn and criticized women of folk and why? OR Was Mrs. Meldon justified in killing her brother? Discuss. OR Why does Professor Henry Corrie call his formula a humanitarian invention? OR What is organized butchery of boys in the eyes of Mrs. Meldon? Why does she say so? OR Why was Mrs. Meldon against Corrie’s invention? OR Who was Eddie and how did he die? OR What idea does a Casual visitor establish about the character of Professor Henry Corrie? ix. What is the main idea of the poem â€Å"The Toys†? OR Give the philosophy of Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"The Incident of French Camp†. x. Why did sergeant Manning first speak rather coldly to the group of people in the hotel lounge? OR What were the clues that led to the detection that Charlton was the real culprit in the story â€Å"The Hostile Witness†? xi. What kind of a person has been described in the poem, â€Å"The Character of Happy Life†? OR What are the qualities of a really happy man as mentioned by Sir Henry Wolton in his poem? xii. What do people think about Lucy Gray after her tragic death? OR What happened to Lucy Gray in the poem â€Å"Lucy Gray†? OR Explain in your own words what religious lesson Coventry Patmore drew from the incident according to the poem â€Å"The Toys†. xiii. Why were the Baron and the Baroness angry with Amalie? OR What was the legend of Cernogratz family? OR What was the real story related to the Castle of Cernogratz according to the governess. xiv. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions, articles or verbs as the case may be: Geoff quietly, got ________ of the car and holding his camera ________ his arms scrambled ________ the slope that separated ________ road from the paddy field. I ________ him impatiently. xv. Match the idioms in Column â€Å"A’ and Column â€Å"B† then use them in sentences of your own. COLUMN â€Å"A† †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Column â€Å"B† i. To read †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. i) the music ii. To pick holes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (ii) between the lines iii. To face †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦.. (iii) in others SECTION â€Å"C† – (Detailed Answer Questions) NOTE: Answer any THREE questions from this Section. All questions carry equal marks. (30) Q. 3. Write a letter to your friend relating to him/her an incident concerning the misuse of internet. OR Write a letter to your friend telling him/her about the damages caused by environmental pollution. OR Write a letter to your friend in Lahore telling him/her about the latest developments which have been taken peace in Karachi. OR Write a letter to your younger brother telling him to work hard for his final examination. OR Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the insanitary conditions in your locality. OR Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the shortage of water supply in Karachi. OR Write a story with a moral on any ONE of the following. Slow and Steady Wins the Race Greed is Curse Knowledge is Power Tit for Tat Unity is Strength A Friend in Need is a A Friend Indeed Q. 4. Write a short essay on any ONE of the following topics War Against Terrorism Cricket World Cup Problems in Karachi A Visit to Historical Place A Remarkable Scientific Invention Importance of Muslim Unity Importance of Media Q. 5. Highlights the outstanding features of any ONE of the following characterss i. Mrs. Meldon ii. Professor Henry Corrie iii. The Countess of Morcerf iv. The Count of Morcerf v. The Count of Monte Cristo Q. 6. Translate the following sentences into English Read more: http://studyguide. pk/? p=1118#ixzz1MEXp7T36

Moral Dilemmas Essay Essays

Moral Dilemmas Essay Essays Moral Dilemmas Essay Essay Moral Dilemmas Essay Essay Essay Topic: Emma Moral Dilemmas. Moral Strategies. and the Transformation of Gender Lessons from Two Coevalss of Work and Family Change Women seek personal development by caring for others and work forces attention for others by sharing the wagess of independent accomplishment are the traditional societal norm in the twentieth century. In the twenty-first century. people started to oppugn whether adult females and work forces should truly be separated into two distinguishable. opposed and unchanging moral classs. Womans and work forces now have struggles and tensenesss between household and work. public and private. liberty and committedness. for these. gender duality can non be used to work out as in the yesteryear. Undoubtedly. gender duality in moral orientation can decide the cosmopolitan tenseness to certain extent. but it is merely normative instead than descriptive. Gender is a societal establishment instead than an built-in trait and it is now transforming. Womans now seek autonomy economically and socially. they seek personal and societal committedness outside the place. while men’s breadwinning function and duty to back up adult females and kids diminish. Womans and work forces are now confronting socially structured moral quandary. Investigating how the new coevals thinks. the interview reveals that the immature coevals believes that it is hard to maintain a relationship with balanced liberty and committedness. They believed that it is non morally incorrect to stop the relationship if the two do non acquire along good. Ending the relationship would be better than maintaining a bad relationship. non merely to the twosome. but besides to their kids. Besides. they appreciated their female parents if they work and think that both adult females and work forces should care for the household both financially and emotionally. As it seems hard to allocate moral labour by gender-neutral schemes. adult females and work forces diverge in their sentiment in gender function. Men prefer the Neotraditionalism. that is. the twosome portion the breadwinning but the adult females have to put household foremost. but this collide with what the adult females long for. liberty before committedness. and they want to be economically independent. In my sentiment. this gender transmutation has important importance to people in the twenty-first century. particularly to adult females. In the yesteryear. because of the gender duality. adult females are restrained from work and are expected to remain at place to pull off the family. e. g. expression after the kids. do the family jobs. they have to give all their clip to the household and have to give up their dreams. even if they are talented or have potential in some Fieldss. they do non hold the chance to research into their callings. Besides. they have to be tolerant to the family force merely because they are economically dependent and they rely on their hubbies for life. They do non hold the on the job ability because they have spent most of their clip in the household and they have already been detached from the outside work society. It is besides hard for them to happen occupations because of the societal and cultural environment that do non promote adult females working. As a consequence. adult females are trapped in the matrimony for their whole life. On the other manus. the traditional gender duality does non merely give disadvantages to the adult females. work forces besides suffer from that. Work force are the exclusive breadwinner in the household and they have to bear the force per unit area to gain the life for the whole household. Because they have to work hard to back up the household financially. ever with long on the job hours. they may non hold clip to care for their kids. They have less clip and chance to pass on with the kids and construct good relationships with them. Work forces have no pick but to give the clip with their household. Now. we are lucky that the gender difference is acquiring smaller and the moral duty for work forces and adult females are non so evidently divided. Though there are still structural and cultural contradictions in the society today. adult females and work forces now enjoy more freedom to take what they want to make to achieve a balance between household and work. liberty and committedness. To assist with the transmutation. more family-friendly elements should be added to the society and in the workplace to assist adult females and work forces to endeavor for their success in both their callings and their households.

Attitude Legislation And Litigation Education Essay

Attitude Legislation And Litigation Education Essay Provision of education in the current world has been faced with many challenges especially regarding the equality issues in the society. This paper addresses the social implications of attitude, legislation and litigation on the lives of students with disabilities. Introduction Over the years, disabled people in the society have been forced to live with many challenges regarding their disabled status. Disabled people have several problems in terms of movement, education and many other social activities as they are not able to participate and be able to be involved in these activities. The education sector has not been left out as the disabled students are faced with many challenges in learning compared to their fellow students who are not disabled. The society has been forced to come up with ways in which the disabled can be given preferential treatment and services compared to the other members of the society through introduction of legislation and mitigations to govern the educati on of the disabled. For the past years, the services given to people with disability especially in the education sector have been ineffective as a result of several reasons that cause poor service delivery to the disabled in the special education sector. Financial issue has been a major hindrance in provision of services in the special education sector as there have been issues of fewer funds allocated to this sector. There is also a problem regarding logistics as the assistance and services offered by several agencies require a lot of effort for them to act and give the necessary help needed (Gordon, 2004 p.72-89). The attitude of people towards people with disabilities has several impacts on the lives of the people living with disabilities. The disabled have been forced to live with the impacts of negative social attitude towards them and a further social stigma apart from the larger problem they are facing regarding their mental or physical impediments as a result of their disabi lity. The negative attitude towards people with disabilities can be seen through social rejection of disabled people by the society members a vice that is present across several cultures. People with disabilities have several more needs than that of a normal person and therefore there is development of a notion in the society that people with disabilities are a burden to the society. This factor helps nature the negative attitude towards people with disabilities in the society. This negative attitude impacts negatively on the lives of students with disabilities as it makes them see themselves as a burden to the society from their many needs and furthers the social stigma these students are faced with a factor that impacts negatively on their education. Attitude towards people with disability has been negatively displayed through several cultures that see mental retardation as souls that are possessed by evil spirits or punished by God and hence require religious interventions or exo rcism. Such attitudes vested in the minds of people impacts negatively on their attitude towards the disabled as they are forced to see the disabled as less human beings and further the social stigma faced by people with disability (Gordon, 2004 p.72-89)

Comparing two ads from 'durex'condoms company Research Paper

Comparing two ads from 'durex'condoms company - Research Paper Example In order to see whether people’s attitudes have matured towards sex one will have to look at the types of sexual literature, information and public displays that were available in the past against that which is available now. The advertisement of condoms seem to be more popular and acceptable than it was in the eighties; the first condom ad was aired by Fox television in 1991, afterwards three other major TV networks followed, but prohibited the ads from being displayed at certain times as well as to directly focus on the use of condoms as a means to prevent pregnancy ((Changing standards of condom advertising) The reason for the increase in the willingness by the media to advertise condoms are related to the increasing sexual nature of television shows as well as the HIV/AIDS epidemic.(The changing standards of condom advertising). Even though the advertisment of condoms have increased way in which condoms are advertised always stray form the actual act of sex; most Durex ads seem to cater more to the humorous side of sex and to the consequences. One of the visual ads shown by Durex displays a crib with a price tag of $420. Another ad shows two blown up condoms in the form of people having sex in a very promiscuous position and another one has a picture of Scottish men standing in their kilts with a byline saying: Durex XL (nextround.net). While all of these ads shown by Durex are according to me very creative and humorous, one has to wonder why Durex seems to be forced to display the humorous side of sex most of the time. Maybe we are not living in such modern times as we think? Most Mothers and Fathers are not comfortable discussing or even watching a TV program about sex with their children, and this to me is completely understandable, but most parents seem comfortable referring to the consequences of having sex like HIV and pregnancy. In a study on parent-child talks about sex it was founded that 40%of children

SEMESTER PROJECT Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEMESTER PROJECT - Thesis Proposal Example The food chain is famous for customising and evolving as per the consumer preferences. This philosophy helped McDonalds succeed in 119 countries, including culturally-sensitive Arabian and South-east Asia nations. Thus, it can be described as unstable. Subway, though an International fast food chain, spread over 98 countries, is narrower than McDonalds, as the former targets the health-conscious customers, who propose to eat fresh. Its nutrition focus made it possible to establish franchises in churches, hospitals etc too. Comparatively, the menu also speaks the same, as the product portfolio includes sandwiches, salads, burgers, sides and soft drinks (Doctors Associates Inc., 2009). But for the minor modifications to suit the local religious beliefs, not many changes are made in the menu. So, Subway has a more or less stable outlook, as compared to McDonalds. Coming to the boundaries, McDonalds is highly permeable and attracts customers, right from its clown, Ronald and its golden arches welcoming them. The seating arrangement, ambience, the first part of their tagline, ‘Get them in’ reinforce this ideology. The turnover rates at store level are found to be low, showing its impermeability in this aspect (Francis, 2011). The logo, flashy ‘open’ board and long working hours bring customers to the outlet. But, the limited number of tables and less store space make Subway unlikely destinations for catching up with friends. It operates more on take away mode and therefore less permeable than McDonalds. High employee attrition rates have also been observed at Subway, mainly due to low levels of satisfaction, which declare its permeability (Schlosser, 2001). McDonalds has a complex activity system, which guarantees competitive advantage (Pride & Ferrell, 2007). The laborious and long procedures also make it inflexible. Subway heavily relies on franchising. The complex and inflexible activity system is thus transmitted to the all levels, emphasizing the